Returns to schooling
Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Men. Cohort includes 3,010 males aged 24 to 34 years old in 1976, who were ages 14-24 when first interviewed in 1966. Cameron and Trivedi (2005)
data
Format
A data frame with 5226 observations and 101 variables:
- id: identification code
- black: = 1 if black race
- imigrnt: = 1 if born in the US
- hhead: person lived with at age 14 (in 1966)
- mag_14: = 1 if magazines available at age 14
- news_14: = 1 if newspapers available at age 14
- lib_14: = 1 if library card available at age 14
- num_sib: total number of siblings
- fgrade: highest grade completed by father (1966)
- mgrade: highest grade completed by mother (1966)
- iq: IQ score in 1968
- bdate: date of birth
- gfill76: highest grade completed 1976, some values filled from prevs reports
- wt76: sampling weights 1976
- grade76: highest grade completed in 1976
- grade66: highest grade completed in 1966
- age76: age in 1976
- age66: age in 1966
- smsa76: current residence, = 1 if lived in central city in 1976
- smsa66: current residence, = 1 if lived in central city in 1966
- region: census region in 1966
- col4: = 1 if there is a 4-year college nearby
- mcol4: = 1 if male 4-year college nearby
- col4pub: = 1 if public 4-year college nearby
- south76: = 1 if lived in South in 1976
- wage76: hourly wage in 1976, ln
- exp76: work experience in 1976, years calculated as (10 + age66) - grade76 - 6
- expsq76: experience 1976 squared, exp76^2/100
- agesq76: age squared (1976)
- reg1: region, = 1 if lived in region NE
- reg2: region, = 1 if lived in region MidAtl
- reg3: region, = 1 if lived in region ENC
- reg4: region, = 1 if lived in region WNC
- reg5: region, = 1 if lived in region SA
- reg6: region, = 1 if lived in region ESC
- reg7: region, = 1 if lived in region WSC
- reg8: region, = 1 if lived in region M
- reg9: region, = 1 if lived in region P
- momdad14: = 1 if lived with both parents at age 14
- sinmom14: = 1 if lived with mother only at age 14
- nodaded: = 1 if father has no formal education
- nomomed: = 1 if mother has no formal education
- daded: mean grade level of father
- momed: mean grade level of mother
- famed: father's and mother's education
- famed1: = 1 if mgrade> 12 & fgrade> 12
- famed2: = 1 if mgrade>=12 & fgrade>=12
- famed3: = 1 if mgrade==12 & fgrade==12
- famed4: = 1 if mgrade>=12 & fgrade==-1
- famed5: = 1 if fgrade>=12
- famed6: = 1 if mgrade>=12 & fgrade> -1
- famed7: = 1 if mgrade>=9 & fgrade>=9
- famed8: = 1 if mgrade> -1 & fgrade> -1
- famed9: = 1 if famed not in range 1-8
- int76: = 1 if wt76 not missing
- age1415: = 1 if in age group 14-15
- age1617: = 1 if in age group 16-17
- age1819: = 1 if in age group 18-19
- age2021: = 1 if in age group 20-21
- age2224: = 1 if in age group 22-24
- cage1415: = 1 if in age group 14-15 and lived near college
- cage1617: = 1 = 1 if in age group 16-17 and lived near college
- cage1819: = 1 if in age group 18-19 and lived near college
- cage2021: = 1 if in age group 20-21 and lived near college
- cage2224: = 1 if in age group 22-24 and lived near college
- cage66: age in 1966 and lived near college
- a1: = 1 if age in 1966 is 14
- a2: = 1 if age in 1966 is 15
- a3: = 1 if age in 1966 is 16
- a4: = 1 if age in 1966 is 17
- a5: = 1 if age in 1966 is 18
- a6: = 1 if age in 1966 is 19
- a7: = 1 if age in 1966 is 20
- a8: = 1 if age in 1966 is 21
- a9: = 1 if age in 1966 is 22
- a10: = 1 if age in 1966 is 23
- a11: = 1 if age in 1966 is 24
- ca1: = 1 if did not live near college in 1966
- ca2: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 14
- ca3: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 15
- ca4: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 16
- ca5: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 17
- ca6: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 18
- ca7: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 19
- ca8: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 20
- ca9: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 21
- ca10: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 22
- ca11: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 23
- ca12: = 1 if lived near college and age in 1966 = 24
- g25: grade level when 25 years old
- g25i: = 1 if =g25 and intrvwed in year used for determining g25
- intmo66: interview month in 1966, used to identify cases incl by Card
- nlsflt: flag to identify if the case was used by Card
- nsib: number of siblings
- ns1: = 1 if the person has no siblings
- ns2: = 1 if number of siblings is 2
- ns3: = 1 if number of siblings is 3
- ns4: = 1 if number of siblings is 4
- ns5: = 1 if number of siblings is 6
- ns6: = 1 if number of siblings is 9
- ns7: = 1 if number of siblings is 18
Source
http://cameron.econ.ucdavis.edu/mmabook/mmadata.html
schooling
Section in Text
4.9.6 Instrumental Variables Application, pp. 110-2
Examples
summary(schooling)
References
Cameron, A. and Trivedi, P. (2005), "Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications," Cambridge University Press, New York.
Card, D. (1995), "Using Geographic Variation in College Proximity to Estimate the Returns to Schooling", in Aspects of Labor Market Behavior: Essays in Honor of John Vanderkamp, eds. L.N. Christofides et al., Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp.201-221.
Kling, J.R. (2001) "Interpreting Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Return to Schooling," Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 19, 358-364.
https://www.nlsinfo.org/content/cohorts/older-and-young-men