# Converts parameters to x,y coordinates (date and pdf) that describe a model Converts either a vector of parameters, or a matrix of many parameter sets to model x,y coordinates (date and pdf) ```r convertPars(pars, years, type, taphonomy=FALSE) ``` ## Arguments - `pars`: Either a vector of one parameter set, or a matrix of several parameter sets (one set per row). - `years`: A vector of years. - `type`: Choose from 'CPL', 'exp', 'norm', 'cauchy', 'sine', 'uniform', 'logistic', 'power'. - `taphonomy`: If TRUE, the last two parameters determine the taphonomic loss rate. ## Details Parameter searches will yield either a single set of parameters, or a matrix with one parameter set per row (such as the 'res' value from `mcmc`) . Either can be handed directly to this function. The structure of the output differs depending on if converting a vector or matrix. All models are truncated, such that the total area between and (the date range of 'years') equals 1. 'CPL' is a Continuous Piecewise Linear model. Pars must be of odd length, each between 0 and 1. A n-CPL model has parameters ( x-parameters and y-parameters) that are mapped to PD coordinates (x,y pairs) using a modified Stick Breaking Dirichlet Process. The first and last x-coordinate are set as and , and the remaining internal x-coordinates are converted from their respective x-parameters using the Beta distribution CDF (where and the number of pieces still to be broken). The y-parameters (between 0 and 1) are converted to y-coordinates in two steps. Firstly, they are mapped from the parameter range (0,1) to the coordinate range (0, ) using the formula , and the single remaining y-coordinate is set as . Secondly, they are normalised by the total area under the curve, calculated as the sum of the areas under all pieces: 'exp' is a truncated exponential model of the form where years. The single parameter is used as the rate exponent which gives growth through time if , decline if , and constant if . The PDF is as follows. Note the parameter cancels out: 'logistic' is a truncated logistic model. The two parameters are used as the rate and centre where the PDF is: 'norm' is a truncated Gaussian model. The two parameters are used as and in the formula for a truncated Normal distribution, the PDF of which is calculated in two steps. Firstly, the PDF of an ordinary Normal distribution is calculated. Secondly, it is normalised by the area within the date range. 'cauchy' is a truncated Cauchy model. The two parameters are used as (location) and (scale) in the formula for a truncated Cauchy distribution. The PDF is as follows where years: 'power' is a truncated Power function model of the form where years. The PDF is as follows. Note the parameter cancels out: 'sine' is a truncated sinewave model. The three parameters are used as specified in `sinewavePDF` 'uniform' is a uniform model requiring no parameters. I.e. the argument pars must be NULL or c(), and trivially the PDF is: If taphonomy is TRUE, the model PDF additionally includes taphonomic loss. The last two parameters are used to generate a taphonomic curve using the formula and the remaining parameters are used in the appropriate model type above. Then the model PDF is multiplied by the taphonomic curve and normalised across the date range, to give the final model PDF that includes taphonomy. ## Examples ```r # convert a single random 6-CPL parameter set pars <- runif(11) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='CPL') # single random 6-CPL parameter set with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- runif(13, c(rep(0,11),0,-3), c(rep(1,11),20000,0)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='CPL', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a matrix of 5 random 6-CPL parameter sets pars <- matrix( runif(11*5), 5, 11 ) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='CPL') # 5 random 6-CPL parameter sets with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- t(matrix(runif(13*5, c(rep(0,11),0,-3), c(rep(1,11),20000,0)),13,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='CPL', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a single random exponential parameter pars <- runif(1, -0.01, 0.01) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='exp') # single random exponential parameter with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- runif(3, c(-0.01,0,-3), c(0.01,20000,0)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='exp', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a matrix of 5 random exponential parameter sets pars <- matrix( runif(5, -0.01, 0.01), 5, 1 ) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='exp') # 5 random exponential parameter sets with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- t(matrix(runif(3*5, c(-0.01,0,-3), c(0.01,20000,0)),3,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='exp', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a single random Gaussian parameter pair (mean, sd) pars <- runif(2, c(6000,200), c(7000,1000)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='norm') # single random Gaussian parameter pair (mean, sd) with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- runif(4, c(6000,200,0,-3), c(7000,1000,20000,0)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='norm', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a matrix of 5 random Gaussian parameter pairs (mean, sd) pars <- t(matrix(runif(2*5, c(6000,200), c(7000,1000)),2,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='norm') # 5 random Gaussian parameter pairs (mean, sd) with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- t(matrix(runif(4*5, c(6000,200,0,-3), c(7000,1000,20000,0)),4,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='norm', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a single random Cauchy parameter pair (location, scale) pars <- runif(2, c(6000,200), c(7000,1000)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='cauchy') # single random Cauchy parameter pair (location, scale) with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- runif(4, c(6000,200,0,-3), c(7000,1000,20000,0)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='cauchy', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a matrix of 5 random Cauchy parameter pairs (location, scale) pars <- t(matrix(runif(2*5, c(6000,200), c(7000,1000)),2,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='cauchy') # 5 random Cauchy parameter pairs (location, scale) with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- t(matrix(runif(4*5, c(6000,200,0,-3), c(7000,1000,20000,0)),4,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='cauchy', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a single random logistic parameter pair (k, x0) pars <- runif(2, c(0,6000), c(0.01,6500)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='logistic') # single random logistic parameter pair (k, x0) with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- runif(4, c(0,6000,0,-3), c(0.01,6500,20000,0)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='logistic', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a matrix of 5 random logistic parameter pairs(k, x0) pars <- t(matrix(runif(2*5, c(0,6000), c(0.01,6500)),2,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='logistic') # 5 random logistic parameter pairs(k, x0) with taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- t(matrix(runif(4*5, c(0,6000,0,-3), c(0.01,6500,20000,0)),4,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='logistic', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a single random power function parameter pair (b, c) pars <- runif(2, c(2000,-1.7), c(4000,-1.2)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='power') # single random power function parameter pair (b, c) with taphonomy parameters pars <- runif(4, c(2000,-1.7,0,-3), c(4000,-1.2,20000,0)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='power', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a matrix of 5 random power function parameter pairs(b, c) pars <- t(matrix(runif(2*5, c(2000,-1.7), c(4000,-1.2)),2,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='power') # 5 random power function parameter pairs(b, c) with taphonomy parameters pars <- t(matrix(runif(4*5, c(2000,-1.7,0,-3), c(4000,-1.2,20000,0)),4,5)) x <- convertPars( pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='power', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a single random sinewave parameter set (f,p,r) f <- 1/runif(1,200,1000) p <- runif(1,0,2*pi) r <- runif(1,0,1) x <- convertPars( pars=c(f,p,r), years=5500:7500, type='sine') # single random sinewave parameter set (f,p,r) with taphonomy parameters (b,c) f <- 1/runif(1,200,1000) p <- runif(1,0,2*pi) r <- runif(1,0,1) b <- runif(1,0,20000) c <- runif(1,-3,0) x <- convertPars( pars=c(f,p,r,b,c), years=5500:7500, type='sine', taphonomy=TRUE) # convert a matrix of 5 random sinewave parameter sets (f,p,r) f <- 1/runif(5,200,1000) p <- runif(5,0,2*pi) r <- runif(5,0,1) x <- convertPars( pars=cbind(f,p,r), years=5500:7500, type='sine') # 5 random sinewave parameter sets (f,p,r) with taphonomy parameters (b,c) f <- 1/runif(5,200,1000) p <- runif(5,0,2*pi) r <- runif(5,0,1) b <- runif(5,0,20000) c <- runif(5,-3,0) x <- convertPars( pars=cbind(f,p,r,b,c), years=5500:7500, type='sine', taphonomy=TRUE) # although a uniform distribution has no parameters, a pdf can still be generated: x <- convertPars(pars=NULL, years=5500:7500, type='uniform') # and if taphonomy is included, it does have the taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- runif(2, c(0,-3), c(20000,0)) x <- convertPars(pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='uniform', taphonomy=TRUE) # likewise for a matrix of 5 random taphonomy parameters (b,c) pars <- t(matrix(runif(2*5, c(0,-3), c(20000,0)),2,5)) x <- convertPars(pars=pars, years=5500:7500, type='uniform', taphonomy=TRUE) ```

convertPars function