ci_bod_constr_bad function

Constrained Benefit of the Doubt approach (BoD) in presence of undesirable indicators

The constrained Benefit of the Doubt function introduces additional constraints to the weight variation in the optimization procedure (Constrained Virtual Weights Restriction) allowing to restrict the importance attached to a single indicator expressed in percentage terms, ranging between a lower and an upper bound (VWR); this function, furthermore, allows to calculate the composite indicator simultaneously in presence of undesirable (bad) and desirable (good) indicators allowing to impose a preference structure (ordVWR).

ci_bod_constr_bad(x, indic_col, ngood=1, nbad=1, low_w=0, pref=NULL)

Arguments

• x: A data.frame containing simple indicators; the order is important: first columns must contain the desirable indicators, while second ones the undesirable indicators.
• indic_col: A numeric list indicating the positions of the simple indicators.
• ngood: The number of desirable outputs; it has to be greater than 0.
• nbad: The number of undesirable outputs; it has to be greater than 0.
• low_w: Importance weights lower bound.
• pref: The preference vector among indicators; For example if Indic1 is the most important, Indic2,Indic3 are more important than Indic4 and no preference judgment on Indic5 (= not included in the vector), the pref vector can be written as: c("Indic1", "Indic2","Indic3","Indic4")

Returns

An object of class "CI". This is a list containing the following elements: - ci_bod_constr_bad_est: Composite indicator estimated values.

• ci_method: Method used; for this function ci_method="bod_constr_bad".

• ci_bod_constr_bad_weights: Raw weights assigned to each simple indicator.

• ci_bod_constr_bad_target: Indicator target values.

References

Rogge N., de Jaeger S. and Lavigne C. (2017) "Waste Performance of NUTS 2-regions in the EU: A Conditional Directional Distance Benefit-of-the-Doubt Model", Ecological Economics, vol.139, pp. 19-32.

Zanella A., Camanho A.S. and Dias T.G. (2015) "Undesirable outputs and weighting schemes in composite indicators based on data envelopment analysis", European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 245(2), pp. 517-530.

Author(s)

Fusco E., Rogge N.

See Also

ci_bod_constr

Examples

data(EU_2020)
indic <- c("employ_2011", "percGDP_2011", "gasemiss_2011","deprived_2011")  
dat <- EU_2020[-c(10,18),indic]

# BoD Constrained VWR
CI_BoD_C = ci_bod_constr_bad(dat, ngood=2, nbad=2, low_w=0.05, pref=NULL)
CI_BoD_C$ci_bod_constr_bad_est

# BoD Constrained ordVWR
importance <- c("gasemiss_2011","percGDP_2011","employ_2011")
CI_BoD_C = ci_bod_constr_bad(dat, ngood=2, nbad=2, low_w=0.05, pref=importance)
CI_BoD_C$ci_bod_constr_bad_est