# Multi-way Summary of Proportions `summaryP` produces a tall and thin data frame containing numerators (`freq`) and denominators (`denom`) after stratifying the data by a series of variables. A special capability to group a series of related yes/no variables is included through the use of the `ynbind` function, for which the user specials a final argument `label` used to label the panel created for that group of related variables. If `options(grType='plotly')` is not in effect, the `plot` method for `summaryP` displays proportions as a multi-panel dot chart using the `lattice` package's `dotplot` function with a special `panel` function. Numerators and denominators of proportions are also included as text, in the same colors as used by an optional `groups` variable. The `formula` argument used in the `dotplot` call is constructed, but the user can easily reorder the variables by specifying `formula`, with elements named `val` (category levels), `var` (classification variable name), `freq` (calculated result) plus the overall cross-classification variables excluding `groups`. If `options(grType='plotly')` is in effect, the `plot` method makes an entirely different display using `Hmisc::dotchartpl` with `plotly` if `marginVal` is specified, whereby a stratification variable causes more finely stratified estimates to be shown slightly below the lines, with smaller and translucent symbols if `data` has been run through `addMarginal`. The marginal summaries are shown as the main estimates and the user can turn off display of the stratified estimates, or view their details with hover text. The `ggplot` method for `summaryP` does not draw numerators and denominators but the chart is more compact than using the `plot` method with base graphics because `ggplot2` does not repeat category names the same way as `lattice` does. Variable names that are too long to fit in panel strips are renamed (1), (2), etc. and an attribute `"fnvar"` is added to the result; this attribute is a character string defining the abbreviations, useful in a figure caption. The `ggplot2` object has `label`s for points plotted, used by `plotly::ggplotly` as hover text (see example). The `latex` method produces one or more LaTeX `tabular`s containing a table representation of the result, with optional side-by-side display if `groups` is specified. Multiple `tabular`s result from the presence of non-group stratification factors. ```r summaryP(formula, data = NULL, subset = NULL, na.action = na.retain, sort=TRUE, asna = c("unknown", "unspecified"), ...) ## S3 method for class 'summaryP' plot(x, formula=NULL, groups=NULL, marginVal=NULL, marginLabel=marginVal, refgroup=NULL, exclude1=TRUE, xlim = c(-.05, 1.05), text.at=NULL, cex.values = 0.5, key = list(columns = length(groupslevels), x = 0.75, y = -0.04, cex = 0.9, col = lattice::trellis.par.get('superpose.symbol')$col, corner=c(0,1)), outerlabels=TRUE, autoarrange=TRUE, col=colorspace::rainbow_hcl, ...) ## S3 method for class 'summaryP' ggplot(data, mapping, groups=NULL, exclude1=TRUE, xlim=c(0, 1), col=NULL, shape=NULL, size=function(n) n ^ (1/4), sizerange=NULL, abblen=5, autoarrange=TRUE, addlayer=NULL, ..., environment) ## S3 method for class 'summaryP' latex(object, groups=NULL, exclude1=TRUE, file='', round=3, size=NULL, append=TRUE, ...) ``` ## Arguments - `formula`: a formula with the variables for whose levels proportions are computed on the left hand side, and major classification variables on the right. The formula need to include any variable later used as `groups`, as the data summarization does not distinguish between superpositioning and paneling. For the plot method, `formula` can provide an overall to the default formula for `dotplot()`. - `data`: an optional data frame. For `ggplot.summaryP` `data` is the result of `summaryP`. - `subset`: an optional subsetting expression or vector - `na.action`: function specifying how to handle `NA`s. The default is to keep all `NA`s in the analysis frame. - `sort`: set to `FALSE` to not sort category levels in descending order of global proportions - `asna`: character vector specifying level names to consider the same as `NA`. Set `asna=NULL` to not consider any. - `x`: an object produced by `summaryP` - `groups`: a character string containing the name of a superpositioning variable for obtaining further stratification within a horizontal line in the dot chart. - `marginVal`: if `options(grType='plotly')` is in effect and the data given to `summaryP` were run through `addMarginal`, specifies the category name that represents marginal summaries (usually `"All"`). - `marginLabel`: specifies a different character string to use than the value of `marginVal`. For example, if marginal proportions were computed over all `region`s, one may specify `marginVal="All", marginLabel="All Regions"`. `marginLabel` is only used for formatting graphical output. - `refgroup`: used when doing a `plotly` chart and a two-level group variable was used, resulting in the half-width confidence interval for the difference in two proportions to be shown, and the actual confidence limits and the difference added to hover text. See `dotchartpl` for more details. - `exclude1`: By default, `ggplot`, `plot`, and `latex` methods for `summaryP` remove redundant entries from tables for variables with only two levels. For example, if you print the proportion of females, you don't need to print the proportion of males. To override this, set `exclude1=FALSE`. - `xlim`: `x`-axis limits. Default is `c(0,1)`. - `text.at`: specify to leave unused space to the right of each panel to prevent numerators and denominators from touching data points. `text.at` is the upper limit for scaling panels' `x`-axes but tick marks are only labeled up to `max(xlim)`. - `cex.values`: character size to use for plotting numerators and denominators - `key`: a list to pass to the `auto.key` argument of `dotplot`. To place a key above the entire chart use `auto.key=list(columns=2)` for example. - `outerlabels`: by default if there are two conditioning variables besides `groups`, the `latticeExtra` package's `useOuterStrips` function is used to put strip labels in the margins, usually resulting in a much prettier chart. Set to `FALSE` to prevent usage of `useOuterStrips`. - `autoarrange`: If `TRUE`, the formula is re-arranged so that if there are two conditioning (paneling) variables, the variable with the most levels is taken as the vertical condition. - `col`: a vector of colors to use to override defaults in `ggplot`. When `options(grType='plotly')`, see `dotchartpl`. - `shape`: a vector of plotting symbols to override `ggplot` defaults - `mapping, environment`: not used; needed because of rules for generics - `size`: for `ggplot`, a function that transforms denominators into metrics used for the `size` aesthetic. Default is the fourth root function so that the area of symbols is proportional to the square root of sample size. Specify `NULL` to not vary point sizes. `size=sqrt` is a reasonable alternative. Set `size` to an integer to categorize the denominators into `size` quantile groups using `cut2`. Unless `size` is an integer, the legend for sizes uses the minimum and maximum denominators and 6-tiles using `quantile(..., type=1)` so that actually occurring sample sizes are used as labels. `size` is overridden to `NULL` if the range in denominators is less than 10 or the ratio of the maximum to the minimum is less than 1.2. For `latex`, `size` is an optional font size such as `"small"` - `sizerange`: a 2-vector specifying the `range` argument to the `ggplot2` `scale_size_...` function, which is the range of sizes allowed for the points according to the denominator. The default is `sizerange=c(.7, 3.25)` but the lower limit is increased according to the ratio of maximum to minimum sample sizes. - `abblen`: labels of variables having only one level and having their name longer than `abblen` characters are abbreviated and documented in `fnvar` (described elsewhere here). The default `abblen=5` is good for labels plotted vertically. If labels are rotated using `theme` a better value would be 12. - ``...``: used only for `plotly` graphics and these arguments are passed to `dotchartpl` - `object`: an object produced by `summaryP` - `file`: file name, defaults to writing to console - `round`: number of digits to the right of the decimal place for proportions - `append`: set to `FALSE` to start output over - `addlayer`: a `ggplot` layer to add to the plot object ## Returns `summaryP` produces a data frame of class `"summaryP"`. The `plot` method produces a `lattice` object of class `"trellis"`. The `latex` method produces an object of class `"latex"` with an additional attribute `ngrouplevels` specifying the number of levels of any `groups` variable and an attribute `nstrata` specifying the number of strata. ## Author(s) Frank Harrell Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University fh@fharrell.com ## See Also `bpplotM`, `summaryM`, `ynbind`, `pBlock`, `ggplot`, `colorFacet` ## Examples ```r n <- 100 f <- function(na=FALSE) { x <- sample(c('N', 'Y'), n, TRUE) if(na) x[runif(100) < .1] <- NA x } set.seed(1) d <- data.frame(x1=f(), x2=f(), x3=f(), x4=f(), x5=f(), x6=f(), x7=f(TRUE), age=rnorm(n, 50, 10), race=sample(c('Asian', 'Black/AA', 'White'), n, TRUE), sex=sample(c('Female', 'Male'), n, TRUE), treat=sample(c('A', 'B'), n, TRUE), region=sample(c('North America','Europe'), n, TRUE)) d <- upData(d, labels=c(x1='MI', x2='Stroke', x3='AKI', x4='Migraines', x5='Pregnant', x6='Other event', x7='MD withdrawal', race='Race', sex='Sex')) dasna <- subset(d, region=='North America') with(dasna, table(race, treat)) s <- summaryP(race + sex + ynbind(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, label='Exclusions') ~ region + treat, data=d) # add exclude1=FALSE below to include female category plot(s, groups='treat') require(ggplot2) ggplot(s, groups='treat') plot(s, val ~ freq | region * var, groups='treat', outerlabels=FALSE) # Much better looking if omit outerlabels=FALSE; see output at # https://hbiostat.org/R/Hmisc/summaryFuns.pdf # See more examples under bpplotM ## For plotly interactive graphic that does not handle variable size ## panels well: ## require(plotly) ## g <- ggplot(s, groups='treat') ## ggplotly(g, tooltip='text') ## For nice plotly interactive graphic: ## options(grType='plotly') ## s <- summaryP(race + sex + ynbind(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, ## label='Exclusions') ~ ## treat, data=subset(d, region='Europe')) ## ## plot(s, groups='treat', refgroup='A') # refgroup='A' does B-A differences # Make a chart where there is a block of variables that # are only analyzed for males. Keep redundant sex in block for demo. # Leave extra space for numerators, denominators sb <- summaryP(race + sex + pBlock(race, sex, label='Race: Males', subset=sex=='Male') ~ region, data=d) plot(sb, text.at=1.3) plot(sb, groups='region', layout=c(1,3), key=list(space='top'), text.at=1.15) ggplot(sb, groups='region') ## Not run: plot(s, groups='treat') # plot(s, groups='treat', outerlabels=FALSE) for standard lattice output plot(s, groups='region', key=list(columns=2, space='bottom')) require(ggplot2) colorFacet(ggplot(s)) plot(summaryP(race + sex ~ region, data=d), exclude1=FALSE, col='green') require(lattice) # Make your own plot using data frame created by summaryP useOuterStrips(dotplot(val ~ freq | region * var, groups=treat, data=s, xlim=c(0,1), scales=list(y='free', rot=0), xlab='Fraction', panel=function(x, y, subscripts, ...) { denom <- s$denom[subscripts] x <- x / denom panel.dotplot(x=x, y=y, subscripts=subscripts, ...) })) # Show marginal summary for all regions combined s <- summaryP(race + sex ~ region, data=addMarginal(d, region)) plot(s, groups='region', key=list(space='top'), layout=c(1,2)) # Show marginal summaries for both race and sex s <- summaryP(ynbind(x1, x2, x3, x4, label='Exclusions', sort=FALSE) ~ race + sex, data=addMarginal(d, race, sex)) plot(s, val ~ freq | sex*race) ## End(Not run) ```

summaryP function