# Multiply Robust Estimation for (Mean) Regression `MR.reg()` is used for (mean) regression under generalized linear models with missing responses and/or missing covariates. Multiple missingness probability models and imputation models are allowed. ```r MR.reg(formula, family = gaussian, imp.model = NULL, mis.model = NULL, moment = NULL, order = 1, L = 30, data, bootstrap = FALSE, bootstrap.size = 300, alpha = 0.05, ...) ``` ## Arguments - `formula`: The `formula` of the regression model of interest. - `family`: A description of the error distribution and link function to be used for the GLM of interest. - `imp.model`: A list of possibly multiple lists of the form `list(list.1, list.2, ..., list.K)`, where `K` is the total number of different imputation models. For the **k**-th imputation model, `list.k` is a list of possibly multiple models, each of which is defined by `glm.work` and imputes one single missing variable marginally. See details. - `mis.model`: A list of missingness probability models defined by `glm.work`. The dependent variable is always specified as `R`. - `moment`: A vector of auxiliary variables whose moments are to be calibrated. - `order`: A numeric value. The order of moments up to which to be calibrated. - `L`: Number of imputations. - `data`: A data frame with missing data encoded as `NA`. - `bootstrap`: Logical. If `bootstrap = TRUE`, the bootstrap will be applied to calculate the standard error and construct a Wald confidence interval. - `bootstrap.size`: A numeric value. Number of bootstrap resamples generated if `bootstrap = TRUE`. - `alpha`: Significance level used to construct the 100(1 - `alpha`)% Wald confidence interval. - `...`: Addition arguments for the function `glm`. ## Returns - **`coefficients`**: The estimated regression coefficients. - **`SE`**: The bootstrap standard error of `coefficients` when `bootstrap = TRUE`. - **`CI`**: A Wald-type confidence interval based on `coefficients` and `SE` when `bootstrap = TRUE`. ## Details The function `MR.reg()` currently deals with data with one missingness pattern. When multiple variables are subject to missingness, their values are missing simultaneously. The methods in Han (2016) and Zhang and Han (2019) specify an imputation model by modeling the joint distribution of the missing variables conditional on the fully observed variables. In contrast, the function `MR.reg()` specifies an imputation model by separately modeling the marginal distribution of each missing variable conditional on the fully observed variables. These marginal distribution models for different missing variables constitute one joint imputation model. Different imputation models do not need to model the marginal distribution of each missing variable differently. ## Examples ```r # Simulated data set set.seed(123) n <- 400 gamma0 <- c(1, 2, 3) alpha0 <- c(-0.8, -0.5, 0.3) S <- runif(n, min = -2.5, max = 2.5) # auxiliary variables X1 <- rbinom(n, size = 1, prob = 0.5) # covariate X1 X2 <- rexp(n) # covariate X2 p.obs <- 1 / (1 + exp(alpha0[1] + alpha0[2] * S + alpha0[3] * S ^ 2)) # non-missingness probability R <- rbinom(n, size = 1, prob = p.obs) a.x <- gamma0[1] + gamma0[2] * X1 + gamma0[3] * X2 Y <- rnorm(n, a.x) dat <- data.frame(S, X1, X2, Y) dat[R == 0, c(2, 4)] <- NA # X1 and Y may be missing # marginal imputation models for X1 impX1.1 <- glm.work(formula = X1 ~ S, family = binomial(link = logit)) impX1.2 <- glm.work(formula = X1 ~ S + X2, family = binomial(link = cloglog)) # marginal imputation models for Y impY.1 <- glm.work(formula = Y ~ S, family = gaussian) impY.2 <- glm.work(formula = Y ~ S + X2, family = gaussian) # missingness probability models mis1 <- glm.work(formula = R ~ S + I(S ^ 2), family = binomial(link = logit)) mis2 <- glm.work(formula = R ~ I(S ^ 2), family = binomial(link = cloglog)) # this example considers the following K = 3 imputation models for imputing the missing (X1, Y) imp1 <- list(impX1.1, impY.1) imp2 <- list(impX1.1, impY.2) imp3 <- list(impX1.2, impY.1) results <- MR.reg(formula = Y ~ X1 + X2, family = gaussian, imp.model = list(imp1, imp2, imp3), mis.model = list(mis1, mis2), L = 10, data = dat) results$coefficients MR.reg(formula = Y ~ X1 + X2, family = gaussian, moment = c(S, X2), order = 2, data = dat)$coefficients ``` ## References Han, P. (2014). Multiply robust estimation in regression analysis with missing data. **Journal of the American Statistical Association**, 109 (507), 1159--1173. Han, P. (2016). Combining inverse probability weighting and multiple imputation to improve robustness of estimation. **Scandinavian Journal of Statistics**, 43 , 246--260. Zhang, S. and Han, P. (2019). A simple implementation of multiply robust estimation for GLMs with missing data. Unpublished manuscript. ## See Also `glm`.

MR.reg function