, where ut=yt−μt. The Akaike, Bayesian and Hannan–Quinn (HQ) information criteria are calculated as
AIC=2(Kp+Ms+N)−2LL
,
BIC=(Kp+Ms+N)ln(T)−2LL
and
HQ=2(Kp+Ms+N)ln(ln(T))−2LL
, respectively, where K is the number of endogenous variables, p the number of lags of endogenous variables, M the number of exogenous variables, s the number of lags of exogenous variables, N the number of deterministic terms and T the number of observations.