image function

Image Gridded Coordinates in Data Frame

Image gridded data, held in a data frame, keeping the right aspect ratio for axes, and the right cell shape

## S3 method for class 'data.frame'
image(x, zcol = 3, xcol = 1, ycol = 2, asp = 1, ...)
xyz2img(xyz, zcol = 3, xcol = 1, ycol = 2, tolerance = 10 * .Machine$double.eps)

Arguments

• x: data frame (or matrix) with x-coordinate, y-coordinate, and z-coordinate in its columns
• zcol: column number or name of z-variable
• xcol: column number or name of x-coordinate
• ycol: column number or name of y-coordinate
• asp: aspect ratio for the x and y axes
• ...: arguments, passed to image.default
• xyz: data frame (same as x)
• tolerance: maximum allowed deviation for coordinats from being exactly on a regularly spaced grid

Returns

image.data.frame plots an image from gridded data, organized in arbritrary order, in a data frame. It uses xyz2img and image.default for this. In the S-Plus version, xyz2img

tries to make an image object with a size such that it will plot with an equal aspect ratio; for the R version, image.data.frame uses the asp=1 argument to guarantee this.

xyz2img returns a list with components: z, a matrix containing the z-values; x, the increasing coordinates of the rows of z; y, the increasing coordinates of the columns of z. This list is suitable input to image.default .

Note

I wrote this function before I found out about levelplot, a Lattice/Trellis function that lets you control the aspect ratio by the aspect argument, and that automatically draws a legend, and therefore I now prefer levelplot over image. Plotting points on a levelplots is probably done with providing a panel function and using lpoints.

(for S-Plus only -- ) it is hard (if not impossible) to get exactly right cell shapes (e.g., square for a square grid) without altering the size of the plotting region, but this function tries hard to do so by extending the image to plot in either x- or y-direction. The larger the grid, the better the approximation. Geographically correct images can be obtained by modifiying par("pin"). Read the examples, image a 2 x 2 grid, and play with par("pin") if you want to learn more about this.

Author(s)

Edzer Pebesma

Examples

library(sp)
data(meuse)
data(meuse.grid)
g <- gstat(formula=log(zinc)~1,locations=~x+y,data=meuse,model=vgm(1,"Exp",300))
x <- predict(g, meuse.grid)
image(x, 4, main="kriging variance and data points")
points(meuse$x, meuse$y, pch = "+")