# Add Hexagon Cells to Plot Plots cells in an hexbin object. The function distinquishes among counts using 5 different styles. This function is the hexagon plotting engine from the `plot` method for `hexbin` objects. ```r grid.hexagons(dat, style = c("colorscale", "centroids", "lattice", "nested.lattice", "nested.centroids", "constant.col"), use.count=TRUE, cell.at=NULL, minarea = 0.05, maxarea = 0.8, check.erosion = TRUE, mincnt = 1, maxcnt = max(dat@count), trans = NULL, colorcut = seq(0, 1, length = 17), density = NULL, border = NULL, pen = NULL, colramp = function(n){ LinGray(n,beg = 90, end = 15) }, def.unit= "native", verbose = getOption("verbose")) ``` ## Arguments - `dat`: an object of class `hexbin`, see `hexbin`. - `style`: character string specifying the type of plotting; must be (a unique abbrevation) of the values given in Usage above. - `use.count`: logical specifying if counts should be used. - `cell.at`: numeric vector to be plotted instead of counts, must besame length as the number of cells. - `minarea`: numeric, the fraction of cell area for the lowest count. - `maxarea`: the fraction of the cell area for the largest count. - `check.erosion`: logical indicating only eroded points should be used for `"erodebin"` objects; simply passed to `hcell2xy`, see its documentation. - `mincnt`: numeric; cells with counts smaller than `mincnt` are not shown. - `maxcnt`: cells with counts larger than this are not shown. - `trans`: a transformation function (or `NULL`) for the counts, e.g., `sqrt`. - `colorcut`: a vector of values covering [0, 1] which determine hexagon color class boundaries or hexagon size boundaries -- for `style = "colorscale"` only. - `density`: `grid.polygon` argument for shading. 0 causes the polygon not to be filled. **This is not implemented (for `grid.polygon`) yet**. - `border`: `grid.polygon()` argument. Draw the border for each hexagon. - `pen`: colors for `grid.polygon()`. Determines the color with which the polygon will be filled. - `colramp`: function of an integer argument `n` returning n colors. `n` is determined - `def.unit`: default `unit` to be used. - `verbose`: logical indicating if some diagnostic output should happen. ## SIDE EFFECTS Adds hexagons to the plot. ## Details The six plotting styles have the following effect: - **`style="lattice"` or `"centroids"`:**: Plots the hexagons in different sizes based on counts. The `"lattice"` version centers the hexagons at the cell centers whereas `"centroids"` moves the hexagon centers close to the center of mass for the cells. In all cases the hexagons will not plot outside the cell unless `maxarea > 1`. Counts are rescaled into the interval [0,1] and colorcuts determine the class boundaries for sizes and counts. The pen argument for this style should be a single color or a vector of colors of `length(bin@count)`. - **`style="colorscale"`:**: Counts are rescaled into the interval [0,1] and colorcuts determines the class boundaries for the color classes. For this style, the function passed as `colramp` is used to define the n colors for the n+1 color cuts. The pen argument is ignored. See `LinGray` for the default `colramp` and alternative color ramp functions. - **`style="constant.col"`:**: This is an even simpler alternative to `"colorscale"`, using constant colors (determined `pen` optionally). - **`style="nested.lattice"` and `"nested.centroids"`:**: Counts are partitioned into classes by power of 10. The encoding nests hexagon size within powers of 10 color contours. If the pen argument is used it should be a matrix of colors with 2 columns and either `ceiling(log10(max(bin@count)))` or `length(bin@count)` rows. The default uses the color palatte so that pens numbers 2-11 determine colors for completely filled cell Pen 2 is the color for 1's, Pen 3 is the color for 10's, etc. Pens numbers 12-21 determine the color of the foreground hexagons. The hexagon size shows the relative count for the power of 10. Different color schemes give different effects including 3-D illusions **Hexagon size encoding `minarea` and `maxarea`** determine the area of the smallest and largest hexagons plotted. Both are expressed fractions of the bin cell size. Typical values might be .04 and 1. When both values are 1, all plotted hexagons are bin cell size, if `maxarea` is greater than 1 than hexagons will overlap. This is sometimes interesting with the lattice and centroid styles. **Count scaling** `relcnt <- (trans(cnt)-trans(mincnt)) / (trans(maxcnt)-trans(mincnt))` `area <- minarea + relcnt*maxarea` By default the transformation `trans()` is the identity function. The legend routine requires the transformation inverse for some options. **Count windowing `mincnt` and `maxcnt`** Only routine only plots cells with cnts in [mincnts, maxcnts] ## References Carr, D. B. (1991) Looking at Large Data Sets Using Binned Data Plots, pp. 7--39 in **Computing and Graphics in Statistics**; Eds. A. Buja and P. Tukey, Springer-Verlag, New York. ## Author(s) Dan Carr ; ported and extended by Nicholas Lewin-Koh nikko@hailmail.net . ## See Also `hexbin`, `smooth.hexbin`, `erode.hexbin`, `hcell2xy`, `gplot.hexbin`, `hboxplot`, `hdiffplot`, `grid.hexlegend` ## Examples ```r set.seed(506) x <- rnorm(10000) y <- rnorm(10000) # bin the points bin <- hexbin(x,y) # Typical approach uses plot( ) which controls the plot shape : plot(bin, main = "Bivariate rnorm(10000)") ## but we can have more manual control: # A mixture distribution x <- c(rnorm(5000),rnorm(5000,4,1.5)) y <- c(rnorm(5000),rnorm(5000,2,3)) hb2 <- hexbin(x,y) # Show color control and overplotting of hexagons ## 1) setup coordinate system: P <- plot(hb2, type="n", main = "Bivariate mixture (10000)")# asp=1 ## 2) add hexagons (in the proper viewport): pushHexport(P$plot.vp) grid.hexagons(hb2, style= "lattice", border = gray(.1), pen = gray(.6), minarea = .1, maxarea = 1.5) library("grid") popViewport() ## How to treat 'singletons' specially: P <- plot(hb2, type="n", main = "Bivariate mixture (10000)")# asp=1 pushHexport(P$plot.vp) grid.hexagons(hb2, style= "nested.centroids", mincnt = 2)# not the single ones grid.hexagons(hb2, style= "centroids", maxcnt = 1, maxarea=0.04)# single points popViewport() ```

grid.hexagons function