CiC function

Change in Changes

CiC computes the Quantile Treatment Effect on the Treated (QTET) using the method of Athey and Imbens (2006). CiC

is a Difference in Differences type method. It requires having two periods of data that can be either repeated cross sections or panel data.

The method can accommodate conditioning on covariates though it does so in a restrictive way: It specifies a linear model for outcomes conditional on group-time dummies and covariates. Then, after residualizing (see details in Athey and Imbens (2006)), it computes the Change in Changes model based on these quasi-residuals.

CiC(
  formla,
  xformla = NULL,
  t,
  tmin1,
  tname,
  data,
  panel = FALSE,
  se = TRUE,
  idname = NULL,
  alp = 0.05,
  probs = seq(0.05, 0.95, 0.05),
  iters = 100,
  pl = FALSE,
  cores = 2,
  retEachIter = FALSE
)

Arguments

• formla: The formula y ~ d where y is the outcome and d is the treatment indicator (d should be binary), d should be equal to one in all time periods for individuals that are eventually treated
• xformla: A optional one sided formula for additional covariates that will be adjusted for. E.g ~ age + education. Additional covariates can also be passed by name using the x paramater.
• t: The 3rd time period in the sample. Treated individuals should be treated in this time period and untreated individuals should not be treated. The code attempts to enforce this condition, but it is good try to handle this outside the panel.qtet method.
• tmin1: The 2nd time period in the sample. This should be a pre-treatment period for all individuals in the sample.
• tname: The name of the column containing the time periods
• data: A data.frame containing all the variables used
• panel: Binary variable indicating whether or not the dataset is panel. This is used for computing bootstrap standard errors correctly.
• se: Boolean whether or not to compute standard errors
• idname: The individual (cross-sectional unit) id name
• alp: The significance level used for constructing bootstrap confidence intervals
• probs: A vector of values between 0 and 1 to compute the QTET at
• iters: The number of iterations to compute bootstrap standard errors. This is only used if se=TRUE
• pl: Whether or not to compute standard errors in parallel
• cores: Number of cores to use if computing in parallel
• retEachIter: Boolean whether or not to return list of results from each iteration of the bootstrap procedure (default is FALSE). This is potentially useful for debugging but can cause errors due to running out of memory.

Returns

QTE Object

Examples

## load the data
data(lalonde)
## Run the Change in Changes model conditioning on age, education,
## black, hispanic, married, and nodegree
c1 <- CiC(re ~ treat, t=1978, tmin1=1975, tname="year",
 xformla=~age + I(age^2) + education + black + hispanic + married + nodegree,
 data=lalonde.psid.panel, idname="id", se=FALSE,
 probs=seq(0.05, 0.95, 0.05))
summary(c1)

References

Athey, Susan and Guido Imbens. ``Identification and Inference in Nonlinear Difference-in-Differences Models.'' Econometrica 74.2, pp. 431-497, 2006.