full_discount_factor: A discount factor for the transform from grid values to actual derivative prices
local_discount_factor: A discount factor to apply to recovery values
discount_factor_fcn: A function for computing present values to time t of various cashflows occurring during this timestep, with arguments T, t
prev_grid_values: A vector of space grid values from the previously calculated timestep
survival_probabilities: Vector of probabilities of survival for each space grid node
tridiag_matrix_entries: Diagonal, superdiagonal and subdiagonal of tridiagonal matrix from the numerical integrator
instrument: If not NULL/NA, must have a recovery_fcn and an optionality_fcn though those properties are themselves allowed to be NA.
dividends: A data.frame with columns time, fixed, and proportional. Dividend size at the given time is then expected to be equal to fixed + proportional * S / S0
instr_name: Name of instrument to use in log messages
Returns
Grid values for the instrument after taking the implicit timestep