# General Data Import from NWIS Returns data from the NWIS web service. Arguments to the function should be based on [https://waterservices.usgs.gov](https://waterservices.usgs.gov) service calls. See examples below for ideas of constructing queries. ```r readNWISdata(..., asDateTime = TRUE, convertType = TRUE, tz = "UTC") ``` ## Arguments - ``...``: see [https://waterservices.usgs.gov/docs/site-service/](https://waterservices.usgs.gov/docs/site-service/) for a complete list of options. A list of arguments can also be supplied. One important argument to include is "service". Possible values are "iv" (for instantaneous), "dv" (for daily values), "gwlevels" (for groundwater levels), "site" (for site service), "measurement", and "stat" (for statistics service). Note: "measurement" calls go to: [https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis](https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis) for data requests, and use different call requests schemes. The statistics service has a limited selection of arguments (see [https://waterservices.usgs.gov/docs/site-service/](https://waterservices.usgs.gov/docs/site-service/)). - `asDateTime`: logical, if `TRUE` returns date and time as POSIXct, if `FALSE`, Date - `convertType`: logical, defaults to `TRUE`. If `TRUE`, the function will convert the data to dates, datetimes, numerics based on a standard algorithm. If false, everything is returned as a character - `tz`: character to set timezone attribute of dateTime. Default is "UTC", and converts the date times to UTC, properly accounting for daylight savings times based on the data's provided tz_cd column. Possible values to provide are "America/New_York", "America/Chicago", "America/Denver", "America/Los_Angeles", "America/Anchorage", as well as the following which do not use daylight savings time: "America/Honolulu", "America/Jamaica", "America/Managua", "America/Phoenix", and "America/Metlakatla". See also `OlsonNames()` for more information on time zones. ## Returns A data frame with the following columns: |||| |:--|:--|:--| |Name|Type|Description| |agency|character|The NWIS code for the agency reporting the data| |site|character|The USGS site number| |dateTime|POSIXct|The date and time (if applicable) of the measurement, converted to UTC for unit value data. R only allows one time zone attribute per column. For unit data spanning a time zone change, converting the data to UTC solves this problem. For daily data, the time zone attribute is the time zone of the first returned measurement.| |tz_cd|character|The time zone code for dateTime column| |code|character|Any codes that qualify the corresponding value| |value|numeric|The numeric value for the parameter| Note that code and value are repeated for the parameters requested. The names are of the form X_D_P_S, where X is literal, D is an option description of the parameter, P is the parameter code, and S is the statistic code (if applicable). There are also several useful attributes attached to the data frame: |||| |:--|:--|:--| |Name|Type|Description| |url|character|The url used to generate the data| |siteInfo|data.frame|A data frame containing information on the requested sites| |variableInfo|data.frame|A data frame containing information on the requested parameters| |statisticInfo|data.frame|A data frame containing information on the requested statistics on the data| |queryTime|POSIXct|The time the data was returned| ## Details This function requires users to create their own arguments based on the NWIS web services. It is a more complicated function to use compared to other NWIS functions such as `readNWISdv()`, `readNWISuv()`, `readNWISgwl()`, etc. However, this function adds a lot of flexibility to the possible queries. This function will also behave exactly as NWIS when it comes to date queries. NWIS by default will only return the latest value for the daily and instantaneous services. So if you do not provide a starting date, you will only get back the latest value. If you want the full period of record, you can use "startDate = '1900-01-01'". Other options for dates are periods, such as "period = 'P7D'" which translates to a period of 7 days. For period, use only a positive ISO-8601 duration format, which should not be expressed in periods of less than a day, or in increments of months M or years Y. period returns data for a site generally from now to a time in the past. Note that when period is used all data up to the most recent value are returned. ## Examples ```r # Examples not run for time considerations instFlow <- readNWISdata( sites = "05114000", service = "iv", parameterCd = "00060", startDate = "2014-05-01T00:00Z", endDate = "2014-05-01T12:00Z" ) instFlowCDT <- readNWISdata( sites = "05114000", service = "iv", parameterCd = "00060", startDate = "2014-05-01T00:00", endDate = "2014-05-01T12:00", tz = "America/Chicago" ) multiSite <- readNWISdata( sites = c("04025500", "040263491"), service = "iv", parameterCd = "00060" ) GWL <- readNWISdata(site_no = c("392725077582401", "375907091432201"), parameterCd = "62610", service = "gwlevels") levels <- readNWISdata(stateCd = "WI", service = "gwlevels", startDate = "2024-05-01", endDate = "2024-05-30") meas <- readNWISdata( state_cd = "WI", service = "measurements", format = "rdb_expanded" ) waterYearStat <- readNWISdata( site = c("01646500"), service = "stat", statReportType = "annual", statYearType = "water", missingData = "on" ) monthlyStat <- readNWISdata( site = c("01646500"), service = "stat", statReportType = "monthly" ) dailyStat <- readNWISdata( site = c("01646500"), service = "stat", statReportType = "daily", statType = c("p25", "p50", "p75", "min", "max"), parameterCd = "00060" ) arg.list <- list( site = "03111548", statReportType = "daily", statType = c("p25", "p50", "p75", "min", "max"), parameterCd = "00060" ) allDailyStats_2 <- readNWISdata(arg.list, service = "stat") site_id <- "01594440" rating_curve <- readNWISdata(service = "rating", site_no = site_id, file_type = "base") all_sites_base <- readNWISdata(service = "rating", file_type = "base") all_sites_core <- readNWISdata(service = "rating", file_type = "corr") all_sites_exsa <- readNWISdata(service = "rating", file_type = "exsa") all_sites_24hrs <- readNWISdata(service = "rating", file_type = "exsa", period = 24) peak_data <- readNWISdata( service = "peak", site_no = c("01594440", "040851325"), range_selection = "data_range" ) peak_data <- readNWISdata( service = "peak", state_cd = "PA" ) peak_data <- readNWISdata( service = "peak", huc2_cd = "20" ) ``` ## See Also `read_waterdata()`

readNWISdata function