its_dalponte2016 function

Individual Tree Segmentation Algorithm

This function is made to be used in segment_trees . It implements an algorithm for tree segmentation based on Dalponte and Coomes (2016) algorithm (see reference). This is a seeds + growing region algorithm. This algorithm exists in the package itcSegment. This version has been written from the paper in C++. Consequently it is hundreds to millions times faster than the original version. Note that this algorithm strictly performs a segmentation, while the original method as implemented in itcSegment and described in the manuscript also performs pre- and post-processing tasks. Here these tasks are expected to be done by the user in separate functions.

dalponte2016(
  chm,
  treetops,
  th_tree = 2,
  th_seed = 0.45,
  th_cr = 0.55,
  max_cr = 10,
  ID = "treeID"
)

Arguments

• chm: RasterLayer, SpatRaster or stars. Canopy height model. Can be computed with rasterize_canopy or read from an external file.
• treetops: SpatialPoints* or sf/sfc_POINT with 2D or 3D coordinates. Can be computed with locate_trees or read from an external file
• th_tree: numeric. Threshold below which a pixel cannot be a tree. Default is 2.
• th_seed: numeric. Growing threshold 1. See reference in Dalponte et al. 2016. A pixel is added to a region if its height is greater than the tree height multiplied by this value. It should be between 0 and 1. Default is 0.45.
• th_cr: numeric. Growing threshold 2. See reference in Dalponte et al. 2016. A pixel is added to a region if its height is greater than the current mean height of the region multiplied by this value. It should be between 0 and 1. Default is 0.55.
• max_cr: numeric. Maximum value of the crown diameter of a detected tree (in pixels). Default is 10.
• ID: character. If treetops contains an attribute with the ID for each tree, the name of this attribute. This way, original IDs will be preserved.

Details

Because this algorithm works on a CHM only there is no actual need for a point cloud. Sometimes the user does not even have the point cloud that generated the CHM. lidR is a point cloud-oriented library, which is why this algorithm must be used in segment_trees to merge the result with the point cloud. However the user can use this as a stand-alone function like this:

chm <- raster("chm.tif")
 ttops <- locate_trees(chm, lmf(3))
 crowns <- dalponte2016(chm, ttops)()

Examples

LASfile <- system.file("extdata", "MixedConifer.laz", package="lidR")
poi <- "-drop_z_below 0 -inside 481280 3812940 481320 3812980"
las <- readLAS(LASfile, select = "xyz", filter = poi)
col <- pastel.colors(200)

chm <- rasterize_canopy(las, 0.5, p2r(0.3))
ker <- matrix(1,3,3)
chm <- terra::focal(chm, w = ker, fun = mean, na.rm = TRUE)

ttops <- locate_trees(chm, lmf(4, 2))
las   <- segment_trees(las, dalponte2016(chm, ttops))
#plot(las, color = "treeID", colorPalette = col)

References

Dalponte, M. and Coomes, D. A. (2016), Tree-centric mapping of forest carbon density from airborne laser scanning and hyperspectral data. Methods Ecol Evol, 7: 1236–1245. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12575.

See Also

Other individual tree segmentation algorithms: its_li2012, its_silva2016, its_watershed

Other raster based tree segmentation algorithms: its_silva2016, its_watershed